In which phase are the O&M staff trained for effective, ongoing operations?

• A. Pre-design phase
• B. Construction phase
• C. Design phase
• D. Acceptance phase

Answer: (B)

Training O&M staff during the construction/commissioning phase ensures they learn on the actual systems while they are being installed, tested, and tuned. This hands-on exposure lets operators walk through control sequences, setpoints, alarms, and routine maintenance tasks with the real equipment and the project team present to answer questions and adjust procedures as needed. By integrating this training with the commissioning process, the team can validate that the operating procedures match what the systems actually do, and the necessary manuals, drawings, and handover documentation are ready before occupancy. While training often continues during handover, this phase is the point at which knowledge is most effectively transferred in context, avoiding gaps that could arise if staff trained only after occupancy.